Issue № 2(26) Vestnik of Tver State Technical University. Series «Technical Science»

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• ON THE MATCHING OF ELECTROEROSIVE AND MECHANICAL WEAR RESISTANCE OF MATERIALS FOR SWITCHING ELECTRICAL CONTACT CONNECTIONS
  Authors: V.V. IZMAILOV, M.V. NOVOSELOVA,
  Abstract: The article presents comparative experimental data on the electrical erosion and abrasive wear resistance of copper-based composite materials for switching electrical contact devices with refractory additives, originally intended to increase the electrical erosion wear resistance of the material. Finely dispersed technical diamonds, chromium and tungsten carbides and their combinations were used as additives. The experiments revealed a high degree of correlation between the characteristics of electrical erosion and abrasive wear for the studied materials. It is shown that some additives that increase the electrical erosion wear resistance of the material simultaneously increase its abrasive wear resistance. It is advantageous to use such materials for the manufacture of parts of switching electrical contact devices, the design of which permits a relative sliding of the contact parts during the switching process.
  Keywords: electrical contact materials, refractory additives, electrical erosion wear resistance, abrasive wear resistance, correlation.

• REINSTALLATION OF A PART WITH A THREADED HOLE ON A TWO-SPINDLE TURNING MODULE
  Authors: A.P. ARKHAROV
  Abstract: An analysis of known methods and chucks for installing treaded parts during processing on lathes is presented. The relevance of the work on creating a method and means for reinstalling a workpiece with a threaded hole on a two-spindle turning module is noted. The essence of the developed method in which a threaded hole is used as a base when rearranging a workpiece on the machine's counter-spindle is outlined. The structure and operating principle of the designed jaw chuck with a threaded elastic sleeve, coupled with the chuck body with the possibility of axial movement, are disclosed. Comparative analyses of the designed method and the chuck with similar known solutions were carried out. The development originality and the achieved technical result are reflected.
  Keywords: elastic sleeve, workpiece, threaded hole, reinstallation, method, jaw chuck, basing.

• ON THE ENERGY PARAMETERS OF LASER CUTTING OF HIGH-SPEED STEEL
  Authors: V.V. IZMAILOV, L.E. AFANASIEVA, M.V. NOVOSELOVA
  Abstract: The energy parameters of laser cutting of high-speed steel and their influence on the roughness of the cut surface are analyzed. It is shown that when cutting high-speed steel with nitrogen purging, it is possible to obtain a cut surface quality comparable in roughness parameters to such processing as milling or turning. Energy costs are comparable in magnitude with cutting low-carbon steel.
  Keywords: laser cutting, high-speed steel, energy parameters.

• REVIEW OF METHODS OF INTEGRATED USE OF MINED PEAT DEPOSITS IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER ROCKS EXTRACTED BY OPEN MININGT
  Authors: A.A. ANDRIANOVA, А.L. YABLONEV
  Abstract: It is indicated that the open-pit mining method involves large violations of the earth's surface, and, consequently, the presence of depleted quarries after the end of mining. It is noted that since the areas of these quarries are very significant, there is a problem of their return to economic activity, which is solved in various ways, including reclamation. The traditional directions of involving developed quarries in economic turnover (creation of agricultural land, construction, afforestation, creation of ponds, parks, recreation areas) are listed. The conclusion is made: since the developed peat deposits have pronounced specifics that limit their introduction into economic activity, the most relevant integrated use for them is the creation of ponds with subsequent stocking.
  Keywords: worked-out deposit, mineral resource, complex use, reclamation, stocking with fish, peat bog, economic activity.

• POSITIVE ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF PEAT MASS HYDROPHOBIZATION IN SOD PEAT PRODUCTION
  Authors: A.V. KUPOROVA
  Abstract: The technological indicators of lump peat production, obtained using the basic technology of lump extraction and the proposed technology of lump peat extraction using hydrophobization of peat mass immediately before its molding, are analyzed. The results of studies devoted to determining the strength of lump peat samples are presented, as well as the main technological indicators for the production of lump peat using modifying additives are calculated. It has been established that the use of hydrophobic additives has a positive effect on the strength characteristics of lump peat, which reduces losses during storage and transportation of finished products. It is concluded that the use of hydrophobic additives in the implementation of lump peat production technology makes it possible to reduce the initial molding moisture content of the pieces and thereby minimize energy costs for production, as well as weaken the dependence of production technology on the meteorological conditions of the region.
  Keywords: sod peat, moulding moisture, fuel, hydrophobic additive, strength, technological parameters.

• THE NEED TO DEVELOP A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS OF THE BLOCK METHOD OF DEVELOPING CAREER FIELDS
  Authors: V.V. AKSENOV, A.V. SELYUKOV, D.A. PASHKOV, A.V. GERASIMOV
  Abstract: The features of existing technological solutions for mining formations of inclined and steeply falling strata are considered, and their disadvantages are identified. The features of the block method of mining formations of inclined and steeply falling strata are presented. It is noted that when working out a career field using the block method, the lack of scientific, technical and methodological developments aimed at substantiating the parameters of the blocks is a limiting factor. To determine these parameters and factors, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model for determining the parameters of the block method.
  Keywords: open-pit mining, external waste dumping, quarry field, development system, mathematical model for determining the parameters of the block method, block method, suite of layers.

• JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOGENIC BROWN COAL DEPOSITS
  Authors: L.V. LOBACHEVA
  Abstract: The features of the waste dump are analyzed. The results of the study of the problem of accumulation and impact of brown coal mining waste stored in dumps (technogenic formations) of abandoned mines on the environment are presented, as well as the study of waste dumps and soil samples for the content of heavy metal compounds and the level of active reaction of the environment (pH). An assessment of the impact of technogenic deposits on water bodies located in the zone of technogenic formation is given. The necessity and possibility of rational development of waste dumps of abandoned mines are substantiated.
  Keywords: породный отвал, горнопромышленные отходы, комплексное освоение, тяжелые металлы, террикон, поллютанты, техногенное месторождение.

• RECOGNITION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE LOCATION OF OBJECT USING NEURAL NETWORKS
  Authors: S.A. GULYAEV, M.V. TARACHKOV, O.V. TOLSTEL, A.E. SHIRKIN
  Abstract: A practical basis for the implementation of 3D position assessment has been developed. The first part of the article analyzes the minimarket automation system that uses YOLOv8 to recognize products. In the second part, methods of object recognition and segmentation are investigated: the use of YOLOv8 models for object recognition and U-Net for semantic segmentation of 3D models. It is concluded that these works are components for solving the problem of 3D position estimation and represent an overview of solutions to several small problems using neural networks.
  Keywords: neural networks, YOLOv8, U-Net, object recognition, localization, image segmentation, automation, minimarket, detection.

• TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OPTIMAL PLANNING METHOD
  Authors: S.V. REPIN, S.A. TYASTO
  Abstract: A functional model of the process optimization process is considered. The main characteristics of the subprocesses are highlighted. The algorithm for solving problems of optimizing the structure of work in the technological process and the method of optimal planning are described.
  Keywords: process control, optimization in process control, functional model, Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm.

• AUTOMATED ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATED PRODUCTION PROCESS INDICATORS
  Authors: E.A. ZORINA, V.G. MESHKOV, M.K. SIMANZHENKOV
  Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the effect of the frequency of deviations from the operating conditions of machines on the values of aggregated indicators by means of computer modeling. It is emphasized that the calculation results show that even a few serious deviations cannot significantly affect the accuracy of the calculation of aggregated indicators.
  Keywords: flow of states, machine tools, computer modeling, discrete function, distribution density, probability, absolute deviation, frequency of occurrence of states, accuracy, calculation, aggregated indicators.

• OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR THE USE OF POWER STORAGE IN DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
  Authors: K.B. KORNEEV, Yu.M. PAVLOVA, M.B. MANKOV, R.OSEI-OVUSU
  Abstract: An approach to the construction of an optimal configuration of electrical networks containing power storage and alternative energy facilities is considered. It was emphasized that increasing the share of alternative energy requires intensive use of battery-based power storage devices. It is indicated that this leads to a significant complication of calculations of the optimal state of the power system, taking into account the non-stationary nature of the output and consumption of electricity. It is proposed to apply methods of optimization modeling and system analysis with elements of predictive models of behavior of power system facilities to build a control system for an electric grid complex, which will ensure the maintenance of the required level of reliability of electricity supply to consumers, as well as to reduce suboptimal flows of electric energy.
  Keywords: power supply system, forecast, control, reliability, batteries, power storage, optimization.

• ARCHITECTURE OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
  Authors: G.P. VINOGRADOV, N.V. KIRSANOVA
  Abstract: Modern enemy detection capabilities and high mobility of combat systems require immediate decision-making. One of the ways to solve this problem is demonstrated – the use of cyber-physical systems in the armed forces. It is shown that the basis of such systems should be responsive wireless sensor networks (BSN). A variant of the RBS architecture for military applications using sensor nodes with short-range radio communications and gateways and providing wireless communication over long distances is presented. A mechanism for detecting the intrusion of an object into a protected area using the capabilities of responsive wireless sensor networks has been developed. It is concluded that the detection mechanism is based on sequences of images (frames) that allow determining the values used to build a network model, a model of object movement, a measurement model, etc.
  Keywords: distributed target, tracking process, detection, localization, classification, sensor node.